- Archaeologists working at a site in Egypt believe they have found a tunnel that leads to Cleopatra's tomb
- Theories suggest she was buried beneath Taposiris Magna Temple, near the ancient capital of Alexandria
- The tunnel is carved through layers of rock and stretches for more than 4,800 feet and measures six feet high
- Expert says finding the tomb of the ancient queen would be 'the most important discovery of the 21st century
A tunnel carved through layers of rock has been discovered beneath Egypt's ancient Taposiris Magna Temple, which may lead to the long-lost tomb of Cleopatra.
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| The tunnel sits about 43 feet underneath Egypt's ancient Taposiris Magna Temple, or 'Great tomb of Osiris', located outside ancient Egypt's capital Alexandria |
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| Cleopatra ruled from 51 BC to 30 BC - right up until the day she died. She was the queen of Egypt and the last and most famous of the Ptolemaic dynasty |
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| The carved rock, which is being hailed as a 'geometric miracle', stretches for more than 4,800 feet and measures about six feet high. Archaeologists are hopeful that Cleopatra and her lover Mark Antony's remains are at the end of the tunnel |
The tunnel, which is being hailed as a 'geometric miracle', stretches for more than 4,800 feet, measures about six feet high and is said to resemble the Tunnel of Eupalinos on the Greek island of Samos – revered as one of the most important engineering achievements of the Classical world.
Archaeologist Kathleen Martinez of the University of San Domingo has been convinced for more than a decade that Egypt's last pharaoh Cleopatra and her lover Mark Antony were laid to rest within the temple and is sure the tunnel could be the path to this discovery.
The Taposiris Magna Temple, whose name means 'great tomb of Osiris', is located near the Egyptian city of Alexandria, once the country's capital.
Martinez said there's a good chance the queen is buried there and if she is, finding the remains of Egypt's last pharaoh would be 'the most important discovery of the 21st century.'
Martinez told Heritage Key: 'If there's a one per cent chance that the last queen of Egypt could be buried there, it is my duty to search for her.
'This is the first time that any archaeologist has found tunnels, passages underground [and] inside the enclosure walls of the temple, so we have changed forever what they know about the architecture.'
The archaeologist believes that, after Mark Antony killed himself following his defeat to Caesar Augustus, also known as Octavian, Cleopatra put detailed plans in place for them both to be buried there, in echoes of the myth.
Experts believe Cleopatra made plans for herself and Antony to be buried at a temple called Taposiris Magna in order to imitate the ancient myth of Isis and Osiris
Martinez, who has been working at the Taposiris Magna Temple for over 15 years, previously told National Geographic: 'Cleopatra negotiated with Octavian to allow her to bury Mark Antony in Egypt.
'She wanted to be buried with him because she wanted to reenact the legend of Isis and Osiris.
'The true meaning of the cult of Osiris is that it grants immortality.
'After their deaths, the gods would allow Cleopatra to live with Antony in another form of existence, so they would have eternal life together.'
Martinez may now be on the right track after uncovering the tunnel carved in rock that sits about 43 feet below the temple.
Teams working at the site found a part of the tunnel that was submerged under the Mediterranean, a number of pottery vessels and pottery tractors were found under the mud sediment, as well as a rectangular block of limestone and a blind completion.
During the excavations, part of the tunnel was discovered submerged beneath the Mediterranean, and a number of pottery vessels and pottery tractors were found under the mud sediment
The research team believes that the Taposiris Magna Temple's foundation may also be underwater due to at least 23 earthquakes hitting the Egyptian coast between 320 AD and 1303 AD.
Martinez also uncovered several important artefacts inside the temple including coins bearing the images and names of both Queen Cleopatra, and Alexander the Great and a number of beheaded statues, and statues of the goddess Isis, as well.
Two years ago, the team reported the discovery of two mummies of two high-status ancient Egyptians – one male and one female.
The mummies, which had lain undisturbed for 2,000 years, are in a poor state of preservation because water had seeped into the tomb. Still, they were originally covered with gold leaf, a luxury reserved for only the top members of society's elite, suggesting they personally interacted with Cleopatra.
The Taposiris Magna Temple, whose name means 'great tomb of Osiris', is located near the ancient Egyptian capital of Alexandria. Pictured, an internal view towards south of the Osiris Temple in Taposiris Magna
Cleopatra, often known as the world's first celebrity, was the last of a long line of Ptolemaic rulers of Egypt - descended from Greek general Alexander the Great.
She ruled from 51 BC to 30 BC – up until the day she died.
Cleopatra became Cleopatra VII, queen of Egypt, upon the death of her father, Ptolemy XII, and her brother was made King Ptolemy XIII at the same time. The siblings ruled Egypt under the formal title of husband and wife.
In order to fix herself and Antony as rulers in the minds of the Egyptian people, she also worked hard to associate themselves with the myth of Isis and Osiris.
To gain support among the ancient Egyptian people, Cleopatra has also proclaimed the daughter of Re, the Egyptian sun god.
During her life, which ran from 69 BC to 30 BC, Cleopatra was known both as a seductress and as a captivating personality – as depicted by Elizabeth Taylor in the 1963 film 'Cleopatra'.
She famously used her charms to first seduce Julius Caesar to cement Egypt's alliance with Rome, and then to seduce his second in command, Mark Antony.
However, Antony married another woman, Octavia, to mend a strained alliance with her brother, the ruler Octavian.
Antony later left his new wife for Cleopatra, according to the History Channel, and the lovers were then married, which violated a Roman law restricting Romans from marrying foreigners. Octavian then declared war on Cleopatra and Antony, defeating them both.
Cleopatra then took refuge in the mausoleum she had commissioned for herself and her disappearance led to the belief that she had killed herself.
Antony died in Cleopatra's arms after fatally stabbing himself because he thought his queen had taken her own life.
Cleopatra did then kill herself shortly after her lover succumbed to his wounds' – reportedly by letting a poisonous snake bite her, although this has been debated.
Ancient accounts tell of a snake that was hidden inside a basket of figs brought in from the countryside and was used by the queen to commit suicide on August 12, 30 BC, as well as killing two of her servants.
But academics have dismissed the popular view, saying venomous snakes in Egypt, such as cobras and vipers, would have been too large to sneak unseen into the palace.
Octavian returned to Italy where he became the first Emperor of Rome, while Cleopatra and Antony were buried somewhere in Egypt. And their tombs could be somewhere through the newly discovered tunnel.
Pictured, two mummies found two years ago inside a sealed tomb at Taposiris Magna, where digs are ongoing to uncover the grave of Cleopatra
However, doubts have been cast on the theory that Cleopatra and Antony were buried at Taposiris Magna Temple.
Other experts believe Cleopatra was hastily buried in Alexandria itself – the city from where she ruled Egypt until her death in 30 BC, at the age of just 39.
But because Cleopatra and Antony worked hard to associate themselves with the myth of Isis and Osiris, Taposiris Magna Temple must have relevance to their life and death, others say.
According to the myth of Isis and Osiris, Osiris was killed and hacked into pieces that were scattered across Egypt.
After finding all of the pieces and making her husband whole again, Isis was able to resurrect him for a time.
Martinez believes Taposiris Magna was closely associated with the myth as the name means 'tomb of Osiris'. It could have been one of the places where his body was scattered in the story.
Maiken Mosleth King, a lecturer in ancient history from the University of Bristol's Department of Classics and Ancient History, said burying Cleopatra and Antony at Taposiris Magna would have been a 'powerful political and religious statement'.
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